Elizabeth was the eldest daughter of Richard Fitz-Alan the 11th Earl of Arundel and his wife Elizabeth de Bohun. Both the Fitz-Alan and Bohun family lines were among the highest in the peerage of medieval England. Elizabeth Fitz-Alan had a double line of direct descent from the Plantagenet Kings of England. Through her mother's Bohun line she was a direct descendant of King Edward I and Eleanor of Castile, and through her Fitz-Alan ancestry a direct descendant of King Henry III and Eleanor of Provence. She was also related by cousinship to both King Henry IV and to his first wife Mary Bohun. Elizabeth was born before 1372, (in 1415 she was given as aged 40 or more), and a best estimate would be closer to 1367. By December of 1378 she would be married to her first husband William de Montagu, son of the Earl of Salisbury. This marriage for Elizabeth would certainly have been in her childhood. William de Montagu was killed in a tilting match at Windsor in 1382. Elizabeth Fitz-Alan would marry as her 2nd husband Thomas Mowbray, the Earl of Nottingham and later the Duke of Norfolk, in July of 1384. This marriage would last for 15 years until Thomas Mowbray's death in Venice on September 22, 1399. Elizabeth would have 2 sons and 2 daughters during her marriage with Thomas Mowbray. The sons were Thomas Mowbray 1385-1405 and John Mowbray 1390-1432, (both of these sons would assume the title Earl of Nottingham), the 2 daughters were Margaret who married Sir Robert Howard, and Isabel who married Henry Ferrers. In 1397 Thomas Mowbray was among those who accused and condemed Elizabeth's father Richard Fitz-Alan, the Earl of Arundel. Richard Fitz-Alan was found guilty of treason and be-headed at Cheapside on September 21, 1397. One apocryphal rumor even had Thomas Mowbray as the actual executioner of his father-in-law Richard Fitz-Alan. The now twice widowed Duchess of Norfolk would next marry Sir Robert Goushill as previously discussed in length. After the death of Sir Robert Goushill at Shrewsbury in 1403, she would marry Sir Gerald Usflete of Yorkshire as her fourth husband before April 18, 1411. Sir Gerald Usflete was the steward of the Duchy of Lancaster in Lincolnshire. Elizabeth Fitz-Alan would become a co-heiress of her brother Thomas, Earl of Arundel and Surrey, in 1415. (Thomas had died sans progeny on October 13, 1415, and his sisters had become his heirs). Sir Gerald Usflete died by Feb. 1420/21, having written his will on September 13, 1420. No children were born to Elizabeth Fitz-Alan and Gerald Usflete. Elizabeth Fitz-Alan would live on after the death of her fourth husband Gerald Usflete until her own death on July 8, 1425. It is believed that she returned to Hoveringham in her final years. Born in the reign of King Edward III, she would live through the reigns of Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, and into the reign of Henry VI. Through blood and marriage, Elizabeth Fitz-Alan would be closely touched by nearly all of the events in this period of turbulence, violence, and political turmoil in English history.
By Bruce Morrison, professor at the University of Kentucky.
Battle of Hastings, Steward to WTC, WTC's chief military strategist and castle builder
Built Norman fortresses in Welsh marches, including castles and garrisons at Monmouth, Clifford and Wigmore, but his greatest work was the magnificent castle at Chepstow, on the mouth of the river Wye, started 1067.
Built Clifford Castle, Earl of Hereford, died at the battle of Cassel in Flanders on 22 February 1071. One of Williams most trusted advisors. Conquered the isle of Wright for William, the guardian of one of the most important castles in Norwich which rose ot great power and received the earldom of Hereford from William. Regent with Odo of Bayeux and Hugh Montfort in 1067. Senechal for William. Promised sixty ships for William along with Beaumont, Montgomery, Avranches and Montfort.
Aka Earl William , Earl of Hereford. Son of Osbern Sieward of Normandy; brother of Osbern, Bishop of Exeter. Married Adeline, sister of Ralph de Tosny. Large estates in west and Isle of Wight, broken up when his son, Roger, rebelled. Regent, with Odo of Bayeux, 1067.
1054 - Seige of Domfront, sent with Robert Montgomery to seek Geoffrey Martel and inquire as to why he marched into Normandy and took Alecon.
1067 - Awarded the earldom of Hereford and the lordship of the Isle of Wight being the principal honours; the manor of Hanley, in Worcestershire, and several in Gloucestershire and other counties, which, in consequence of his dying before the great survey, cannot now be identified. William made him governor of his newly built Castle of Winchester: an office of great responsibility, as Winchester at that period was a city second only in importance to London. Its palace was the favourite residence of Edward the Confessor and the early Norman kings. It possessed a mint and a treasury, in which the riches and regalia of the sovereign were deposited, and was consequently to be most jealously guarded. The Conqueror also associated him with Bishop Odo, in the vicegerency (sic; viceregency) of the realm during his absence. Fitz Osbern having the chief administration of justice in the north, and Odo in the south of the kingdom
1068 - Appointed mayor of York at Edgar Atherling's defeat.
1069 - Sent to relieve Shrewsbury and Essex from Welsh attacks, too late to save Shrewsbury but saved Essex.
1070 - Sent to Normandy to assist Matilda and Richilde von Egisheim, Countess of Flanders, widow of Baudouin IV whom he married, where he died in battle at Ravenchoven between the forces of Robert the Frison and those of the Countess Richilde and her ally, Philip I, King of France, in which both her son, young Count Ernulph, and her husband, the Earl of Hereford, who fought by his side, fell together. According to Meier, the death-blow of William Fitz Osbern was dealt by one of his own knights, named Gerbodon, who had previously unhorsed him, but we are left in doubt as to the motive of the felon. The Earl's body was carried by his men-at-arms to the Abbey of Cormeilles, in Normandy, of which he was the founder in 1060, and buried there "amid much sorrow."
1075 - An "act of treachery" by William (son?) caused the Wigmore Castle to be removed from the FitzOsberns and given to the Mortimers.
William fitzOsbern (cir 1020 – February 22, 1071), Seigneur de Breteuil, was a relative and close counsellor of William the Conqueror who became one of the great magnates of early Norman England. He was created Earl of Hereford in 1067, one of the first peerage titles in the English peerage.
He was the son of Osbern the Steward, a nephew of Duchess Gunnor, the wife of Duke Richard I of Normandy. Osbern became the steward of his cousin Duke Robert I of Normandy, and when Robert left the duchy to his young son William, Osbern was one of duke William's guardians. He was killed defending the person of duke William against an assassination attempt, sometime around 1040.
Osbern had married Emma, a daughter of count Rodolf of Ivry, who was a half-brother of Richard I. Through her he inherited a large property in central Normandy, including the honors of Pacy and Breteuil.
William fitzOsbern was probably raised at the court of his cousin and namesake duke William, and like his father became one of the ducal stewards. He was one of the earliest and most vigorous advocates of the invasion of England, and tradition holds that he convinced the doubters amongst the Norman barons of the feasibility of the invasion.
FitzOsbern's younger brother Osbern was one of Edward the Confessor's chaplains, and possessed the rich church of Bosham in Sussex, and was well-placed to pass along intelligence on the situation in England. He later became bishop of Exeter.
As duke William took control of England (becoming William I of England), fitzOsbern was given charge of the Isle of Wight, and then in 1067 was given the status of an earl. He is generally considered earl of Hereford, though his authority may have extended to some of the neighbouring shires as well. In any case, that part of England was not yet under Norman control; the understanding must have been that fitzOsbern was to take charge of their conquest when he was able.
Also for the central part of 1067 the king returned to Normandy, leaving fitzOsbern (along with Odo of Bayeux) in charge of England. The king was back in England in 1068, and fitzOsbern accompanied him in the subdual of southwest England. He attended the king's Whitsun court in May, and then himself paid a visit to Normandy, where he fell ill for some months.
In February or March of 1069 fitzOsbern was given charge of the new castle at York, but he returned south in time to attend the king's Easter court in April. Anglo-Saxon resistance in the west Midlands was subdued later in 1069, and it is likely fitzOsbern played a major part in this, though the details are not certain. During this time fitzOsbern and his followers pushed on into Wales, beginning the conquest of Gwent.
As part of the assertion of Norman control over England (and Wales), fitzOsbern was one of the major Norman castle builders. Early castles attributed to him include Carisbrooke, Chepstow (Striguil), Wigmore, and Monmouth, as well as creating or improving the fortifications of the towns of Hereford and Shrewsbury.
In 1070 trouble arose in Flanders, where king William's brother-in-law Baldwin VI of Flanders had died, leaving his county and his young sons in the hands of his widow Richildis of Hannonia. Her control of Flanders was challenged by the brother of her late husband, Robert the Frisian. Looking for help, she offered herself in marriage to fitzOsbern. He could not resist the chance to become also count of the rich principality in the German Empire, close to Normandy. He hurried with his army, but nevertheless was defeated by the Count of Flanders: fitzOsbern lost his life in the Battle of Cassel on February 22, 1071.
fitzOsbern married first Adeliza, daughter of Roger I of Tosny. One assumes that he also married Richilde, Countess of Mons and Hainaut shortly before the Battle of Cassel. He was succeeded in Normandy by his eldest son, William of Breteuil, and in England and Wales by his younger son, Roger de Breteuil. His daughter Emma married Ralph de Gael, 1st Earl of Norfolk .
He lived in carisbrooke castle. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_fitzOsbern
William succeeded his murdered father in his office of Dapifer and the favour of the Duke. No particular feat of arms is recorded of him, though he must have fought in some, if not all, of the battles in Normandy during the twenty years or more which immediately preceded the invasion of England, from that of Val-ès-Dunes in 1047 to that of Varaville in 1060, and was probably with the Duke in his expeditions against Conan in Brittany and his invasion of Maine in 1063. We have proof at least of his presence at the siege of Domfront in 1054, when he was sent with Roger de Montgomeri to demand an explanation from Geoffrey Martel of his conduct in marching into Normandy and seizing Alençon. It is not, however, till the memorable year 1066 that he becomes a prominent person in the history of Normandy and of England. He appears to have somewhat resembled his master in character, combining great valour with much readiness of wit and astuteness of policy. We have seen him entering the hall of the Palace at Rouen "humming a tune," and rousing the moody Duke from his silent and sullen consideration of the news from England by bidding him bestir himself and take vengeance on Harold, who had been so disloyal to him; to call together all that he could call, cross the sea, and wrest the crown from the perjured usurper. It is at this last and large assembly at Lillebonne that the audacity and cunning of Fitz Osbern become strongly apparent.
In Taylor's List, the number of ships furnished by Fitz Osbern, whose name stands first upon it, agrees with that mentioned by Wace. "Habuit a Willielmo Dapifero, filio Osberni LX naves." No knights are mentioned.
We next hear of him on English ground. While the Duke of Normandy was haranguing his forces on the morning of the battle, "William Fitz-Osber" rode up and interrupted him, saying, "Sire, we tarry here too long, let us all arm ourselves. Allons! Allons!" Wace, who recounts this incident, says, Fitz Osbern's horse was "all covered with iron." This is one of the instances in which he has been guilty of an anachronism, no such practice existing in the days of the Conqueror (vide the Bayeux Tapestry), but at the time that he composed the Roman de Rou, the fashion had been imported from the East by the Crusaders, and the horses were often coated with chain from the tail to the nostrils. In the disposition of the army, he was selected by the Duke to be a leader of the wing composed of the men of Boulogne and Poix, but we hear of no special incident connected with his name in the course of the battle.
The reward of his great and long-continued service was promptly bestowed upon him. The earldom of Hereford and the lordship of the Isle of Wight being the principal honours; the manor of Hanley, in Worcestershire, and several in Gloucestershire and other counties, which, in consequence of his dying before the great survey, cannot now be identified.
On the defeat of Edgar Athelin and his confederates at York by the Conqueror in 1068, William Fitz Osbern was appointed governor of that city, and in the following year was hastily summoned to relieve the cities of Shrewsbury and Exeter, simultaneously attacked by the Welsh and the disaffected men of Cheshire, Devonshire, and Cornwall. He was too late to save Shrewsbury, which the insurgents, under Edric the Wild, had burned and abandoned; but reaching Exeter at the moment when a sudden sally of the garrison had driven back the besiegers and thrown them into confusion, the Earl, in conjunction with Count Brian of Brittany, fell upon them and put them nearly all to the sword.
In 1070, he was sent to Normandy by King William in order to assist Queen Matilda, the duchy being at that time in a very disturbed state. About the same period war broke out in Flanders between Richilde, widow of Count Baldwin VI -- called De Mons, and mother of his eldest son and heir, Ernulph -- and Robert, surnamed the Frison, who claimed the regency during the minority of Ernulph, in conformity with the will of his deceased brother. Matilda, taking the side of her sister-in-law, sent the Earl of Hereford with what forces she could spare to her aid. The Earl was then a widower, and either from love or ambition, became a suitor for the hand of the still fair Countess of Flanders. Richilde, either responding to his affection, or from a desire to attach the valiant Norman more thoroughly to her interest, married him, and made him titular Count of Flanders. He did not long, however, enjoy his dignity, for, on the 22nd of February, 1071, a sanguinary engagement took place at Ravenchoven, near Cassel, between the forces of Robert the Frison and those of the Countess Richilde and her ally, Philip I, King of France, in which both her son, young Count Ernulph, and her husband, the Earl of Hereford, who fought by his side, fell together. According to Meier, the death-blow of William Fitz Osbern was dealt by one of his own knights, named Gerbodon, who had previously unhorsed him, but we are left in doubt as to the motive of the felon. The Earl's body was carried by his men-at-arms to the Abbey of Cormeilles, in Normandy, of which he was the founder in 1060, and buried there "amid much sorrow." His first wife, Adelina or Adeliza, was the daughter of Roger de Toeni. The date of her death is uncertain, but it probably took place some few years before the Conquest. She was buried at the Abbey of Lire, on the river Risle, in Normandy, which was also founded by Fitz Osbern as early as 1046; perchance on the occasion of his marriage, as Cormeilles may have been on that of her death. The dates are at least suggestive.
By Adelina de Toeni he had three sons and two daughters. The eldest son, William, succeeded him as Lord of Breteuil and Pacy, and in all his other possessions in Normandy. The second, Ralph, was shorn a monk, when young, in the Abbey of Cormeilles; and the third, Roger de Breteuil, had the earldom of Hereford and all the land his father held in England. The eldest daughter, Emma, married Ralph, Earl of Norfolk, of whom much hereafter. The name of the second and that of her husband are at present unknown, but she became the mother of Raynold de Cracci. (It is clear, therefore, that Dugdale and the other genealogists are in error, who give to Roger de Toeni for wife Alicia, a daughter of William Fitz Osbern, independently of the fact that in that case she would have been his own grand-daughter. Adela, by Pere Anselm called Helene, the widow of Roger de Toeni, and mother of Adeline or Alicia, wife of Will. Fitz Osbern, married secondly Richard Count of Evreux, vide chapter viii., p. 249.) A natural daughter of William de Breteuil, named Isabel, married Ascelin Goel, and was the direct ancestress of the Lovels of Tichmarsh. (Vide vol. ii, ch. vii)
http://genealogy.patp.us/conq/fitzosb.shtml
Founder of Bradenstock Priory
Earl of Gloucester, Constable of England.
Each daughter had a 1/3 interest in the Barony of Gloucester
Killed by Seisyll ap Dyfnwal, who was later murdered by his son-in-law, William de Braose
Miles de Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford, lord of Brecknock (1100 - 24 December 1143), was the son of Walter of Gloucester, who appears as sheriff of that county between 1104 and 1121.
Milo succeeded his father about the latter year. He was high in the service of Henry I between 1130 and 1135, and combined the office of sheriff with that of local justiciar for Gloucestershire. After the death of Henry he declared for Stephen, at whose court he appears as constable in 1136. But in 1139, when the empress Matilda appeared in England, he declared for her, and placed the city of Gloucester at her disposal; he was further distinguished by sacking the royalist city of Worcester and reducing the county of Hereford.
In 1141, at Matilda's coronation, he was rewarded with the earldom of Hereford. He remained loyal to the empress after her defeat at Winchester. John of Salisbury classes him with Geoffrey de Mandeville and others who were non tam comites regni quam hostes publici. The charge is justified by his public policy; but the materials for appraising his personal character do not exist.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_de_Gloucester%2C_1st_Earl_of_Hereford
Son of Eochaid III (Erc, Fergus Mor, Gabhran, Aedan, Eochaid Buide, Domnall
Brecc, Domangart II, Eochaid II, Eochaid III)
Ruled Dal Riata 750-758
Aed is Celtic for "fire" and derived from the Celtic word Aodh, the Celtic
sun god.
Aed was a child when Angus of the Picts overcame all of Dal Riata.
750 - Angus defeated by Teudebur of Strathclyde, Aed took control of Dal
Riata.
768 - Aed led attack against Angus' successor, Ciniod at Fortriu, inconclusive
but Ciniod accepted Aed in Dal Riata.
Aed led first stable kingdom since Aedan, establishing laws that were
incorporated into the laws of Alba by Donald I a hundred years later.
Succeeded by his brother, Fergus Eochaid, Donncorci, Domnall and Eochaid
IV
52 FC27
Ruled the Swedes after his father's untimely death. He himself, became quite
drunk, saw a dwarf sitting under this huge stone, beckoned Svegdi to come
see Odin (within the stone), hence the stone closed around Svegdi and he
was never seen from again.
Heimskringla, Ynglinga Saga, Section 15
Sveigder or Swegde was a Swedish king of the House of Yngling in Norse mythology. He was the son of Fjölner.
The Ynglinga saga relates that at his father's death Sveigder vowed to go to Godheim (Asgard) and visit Odin. He took his twelve hirdmen (companions; literally 'household men') and went through the world. He came to Turkland and Great Sweden (Russia), but after five years he returned home. He got himself a wife from Vanaheim (a Vanir?) who was called Vana and they had a son, Vanlande. Then Sveigder resumed his search for Odin and came to a mansion east of Sweden called Stein (see also Ingvar) which was called so because there was a stone as big as a house. After sunset, Sveigder was going to bed from having drunk with the hosts, and passing the stone he saw that a dwarf (see elf) was sitting under it. Sveigder and his companion were drunk and ran for the dwarf. The dwarf called to Sveigder to come into the stone and see Odin which Sveigder did and he never came back.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveigder
Geoffrey Fitz Peter, 1st Earl of Essex, (Piers de Lutegareshale), (b. ca. 1162), d. 1213), was a prominent member of the government of England during the reigns of Richard I and John. The patronymic is sometimes rendered Fitz Piers.
He was from a modest landowning family that had a tradition of service in mid-ranking posts under Henry II. Geoffrey's elder brother Simon was at various times sheriff of Northamptonshire, Buckinghamshire, and Bedfordshire. Geoffrey, too, got his start in this way, as sheriff of Northamptonshire for the last five years of Henry II's reign.
Around this time Geoffrey married Beatrice de Say, daughter and eventual co-heiress of William de Say. He was the son of William de Say, 3rd Baron de Say, and Beatrice, sister of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex. This connection with the Mandeville family was to prove unexpectedly important. In 1184 Geoffrey's father-in-law died, and he received a share of the de Say inheritance.
When Richard I left on crusade, he appointed Geoffrey one of the five judges of the king's court, and thus a principal advisor to Hugh de Puiset, Bishop of Durham, who, as Chief Justiciar, was one of the regents during the king's absence. Later that year, Geoffrey's wife's cousin William de Mandeville, 3rd Earl of Essex died, leaving no direct heirs. His inheritance was disputed between Geoffrey and his in-laws, but Geoffrey used his political influence to eventually obtain it for himself.
On July 11, 1198 King Richard appointed Geoffrey Chief Justiciar, which at that time effectively made him the king's principal minister. He continued in this capacity after the accession of king John. On his coronation day the new king also recognized Geoffrey as Earl of Essex.
Geoffrey's first two sons died without issue. Apparently the earldom was associated with their mother's Mandeville heritage, for the earldom was inherited by the husband of their sister Maud, instead of their half-brother John.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Fitz_Peter%2C_1st_Earl_of_Essex
In 1075, Emma, Countess of Norfolk defended Norwich Castle when it was under siege. She eventually negotiated safe passage for herself and her troops in exchange for her castle. Leaving his wife to defend Norwich Castle, her husband Ralph sailed for Denmark in search of help, and eventually returned to England with a fleet of 200 ships under Cnut and Hakon, which failed to do anything effective. Meanwhile the Countess held out in Norwich until she obtained terms for herself and her followers, who were deprived of their lands, but were allowed forty days to leave the realm. Thereupon the Countess retired to her estate in Brittany, where she was rejoined by her husband.
In 1096, accompanied by his wife and under Robert Curthose, he went on Crusade. He was one of the Breton leaders who took part in the siege of Nicaea, after which he joined Bohemund I of Antioch’s division of the army. Both Ralph and his wife Emma died on the road to Palestine in the course of the Crusade.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_de_Guader and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_de_Guader%2C_Countess_of_Norfolk
Osborne FitzRichard may have been a kinsman of Robert FitzRichard who assisted Duke William north in his 1068 expedition. He was an under-tenant of Earl Roger in Shropshire. Holdings per Domesday: Ashford Badger Brockton Burford Ludford Milson Neen Sollars Ryton Tetsill Ackhill Stanag. http://www.infokey.com/Domesday/Shropshire.htm
Richard carried the King's crown at the coronation of King Richard II
He succeeded to the title of 11th Earl of Arundel [E., c. 1138] on 24 January 1375/76. He succeeded to the title of Earl of Surrey on 24 January 1375/76. He held the office of Admiral of the West and South in 1377. He was invested as a Knight, Order of the Garter (K.G.) in 1386, held the office of Admiral of England in 1386. He fought in the Battle off Margate on 24 March 1387, where he achieved a brilliant naval victor over the allied French, Spanish and Flemish fleets. In 1388 he took an active part against the King, along with the Duke of Gloucester, who had the King in his power. He held the office of Governor of Brest in 1388. In 1394 he obtained a pardon for all political offenses. On 12 July 1397 he was treacherously seized, and tried at Westminster. He was attainted, and all of his honours forfeited.
On 12 July 1397 he was arrested for his opposition to Richard II, (son of Edward the Black Prince, grandson of Edward III, Edward II, Edward I hubby of Eleanor of Castile) as well as plotting with Gloucester to imprison the king. He stood trial at Westminster and was attainted. He was beheaded on 21 September 1397 and was buried in the church of the Augustin Friars, Bread Street, London. Tradition holds that his final words were said to the executioner, "Torment me not long, strike off my head in one blow." In October of 1400, the attainder was reversed, and Richard's son Thomas succeeded to his father's estates and honors.
He married Elizabeth by Papal dispensation, the marriage agreement was signed 28 Sep 1359. He married Phillipa without Royal license and was fined 500 marks.
His son, Thomas, would become the next Earl. After the death of his father, he was the ward of John Holand, and treated quite badly. He escaped to his uncle Thomas, the deposed Archbishop of Canterbury, they fled to Utrecht in Holland and lived in poverty. After he helped Henry IV acquire the throne in 1400, he was restored to Earl of Arundel. He died of Disentery contracted at the seige of Harfleur. His three remaining sisters, Elizabeth, Joan and Margaret, received his estate and the Earldom of Surrey.
Knighted by King Edward I (Longshanks) on 22 May 1306
He succeeded to the title of 9th Earl of Arundel [E., c. 1138] on 9 March 1301/2. He fought in the Scottish wars in 1306, and was invested as a Knight on 22 May 1306. He held the office of Captain-General North of the Trent in 1316.
He was opposed to the King for a long time, and was violent towards Piers Gavaston, who had beaten him in a tournament. In 1321 he changed sides, and was thereafter one of the few nobles who adhered to the King. He held the office of Chief Justiciar of North and South Wales in 1323. He held the office of Warden of the Welsh Marches in 1325. He was captured in Shropshire by the Queen's party. He was attainted after his execution, when his estates and honours became forfeited. He has an extensive biographical entry in the Dictionary of National Biography.
After Edward I's death, Arundel became part of the opposition to the new king Edward II, and his favourite Piers Gaveston. In 1311 he was one of the so-called Lords Ordainers who assumed control of government from the king. Together with Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, he was responsible for the death of Gaveston in 1312. From this point on, however, his relationship to the king became more friendly. This was to a large extent due to his association with the king's new favourite Hugh Despenser the Younger, whose daughter was married to Arundel's son. Arundel supported the king in suppressing rebellions by Roger Mortimer and other Marcher Lords, and eventually also Thomas of Lancaster. For this he was awarded with land and offices. His fortune changed, however, when the country was invaded in 1326 by Mortimer, who had made common cause with the king's wife, Queen Isabella. Immediately after the capture of Edward II, the queen, Edward III's regent, ordered Arundel executed, his title forfeit and his property confiscated. Arundel's son and heir Richard only recovered the title and lands in 1331, after Edward III had taken power from the regency of Isabella and Mortimer. In the 1390s, a cult emerged around the late earl. He was venerated as a martyr, though he was never canonised.
http://edwardthesecond.blogspot.com/2007/03/edmund-fitzalan-earl-of-arundel.html is an extensiove info page on Edmund
John's father is William, then another William, Isabel is placed as the wife of either, depending on your source. In all cases, the last of the line is Alan FitzFlaad. Founded the Augustinian priory of Haughmond in Shropshire which became an abbey in 1155. He is listed in the Gesta Stephani Regis as a supporter of Empress Mathilda in the English Civil War.
When he donated the Upton-upon-Severn fishery to the Haughmond Abbey, his brother Walter and his wife Christina were witnesses.
Breton knight who held the feudal barony and castle of Oswestry in Shropshire. His duties as a "valiant and illustrious man" included supervision of the Welsh border. He was an ancestor of the Stewart Kings of Scotland.
Alan was the son of Flaad, who was in turn a son of an Alain who had been the crusader (in 1097) who was Dapifer to the Archbishop of Dol, which is situated near Mont-Saint-Michel. "Alan, dapifer" is found as a witness in 1086 to a charter relating to Mezuoit, a cell of St. Florent, near Dol. Flaad and his son Alan had come to the favourable notice of King Henry I of England who, soon after his accession, invited Alan to England with other Breton friends, and gave him forfeited lands in Norfolk and Shropshire, including some which had previously belonged to Ernulf de Hesdin and Robert de Belleme.
His mother's brother, Hugh d'Aubigney, was the 5th Earl of Arundel. Hugh died without issue and on his death, his estates were divided between his four sisters and their heirs. His brother, William, the 4th Earl, died in 1224, also without issue.
27 Nov 1243 - He gained the title of Lord of Clun and Oswestry, then succeeded to the title of 6th Earl of Arundel when his mother's brother, the 5th Earl died, but never used the title.
26 May 1244 - obtained possession of his father's estates in Shropshire with a payment of £1000.
1258 - Fought against the Welsh.
1264 - Fought in the Battle of Lewes, was taken prisoner along with King Henry III (Henry of Winchester, son of John Lackland) by Simon de Montfort's men
He was created Earl of Arundel and Sussex, although this is the last time the old title of Earl of Sussex is used.
John FitzGilbert aka John Marshall
John Marshall, William's father, supported King Stephen, then changed sides to support Stephen's wife Mathilda during the Civil War in 1139. When King Stephen beseiged Newbury Castle in 1152, Stephen used John's son, William Marshall, as a hostage. Stephen ordered John to surrender the castle or he would hang five year old William in front of the castle. John's reply was, " I still have the hammer and the anvil with which to forge still more and better sons!" What a meanie! Stephen did not have the heart to hang William, thank goodness.
10th Earl of Arundel, of the castle and honor of Arundel. Earl of Surrey. Baron of Oswestry, Shropshire. Constable of Chirk, Portchester and Caernarvon Castles, Justiciar of North Wales, Sheriff of Shropshire, Admiral of the West, Constable of the Army. Knight of the Garter. Nicknamed "Copped Hat."
Son and heir to Sir Edmund de Arundel FitzAlan and Alice de Warrene. Grandson of Sir William de Warrene and Joan de Vere, Sir Richard Fitzalan and Alice, daughter of Tommaso I, Marquis of Saluzzo.
Husband of Isabel le Despenser, the daughter of Hugh le Despenser "the younger" executed in 1326, and Eleanor de Clare, the daughter of the Earl of Gloucester and Hertford. They were married in the King's Chapel at Havering-atte-Bower, Essex on 09 Feb 1321. They had one son, Sir Edmund, who married Sibyl Montacute. After they were married, her father settled on them, and their heirs, the manors of Keevil, Wiltshire and Wing and Blakewell, Buckinghamshire. The marriage was advantageous in that he allied himself with Edward II's favorites, but Richard had the marriage annulled and his son bastardized on the grounds that he was underage at the time of the marriage and never agreed to the marriage. The marriage was happily annulled by Pope Clement VI in December of 1344, especially since Richard had been living with Eleanor, his second wife. Historian theorize that after Isabel's father was executed, she was suddenly destitute and had no family estate, Richard simply wished to be rid of her.
Secondly, he became the husband of Eleanor Plantagenet of Lancaster, the daughter of Henry Plantagenet, the Earl of Lancaster and Maud Chaworth, and the widow of Sir John de Beaumont who died 14 April 1342. They were married in the presence of King Edward III at Ditton in Stoke Pogis, Buckinghamshire on 05 Feb 1345 by Papal dispensation as they were related in the 3rd and 4th degrees of kindred. Richard and Eleanor had three sons and two daughters:
Sir Richard, 11th Earl of Arundel
Sir John, Lord Arundel
Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury
Joan Arundel, wife of Sir Humphrey de Bohun
Alice Arundel, wife of Sir Thomas de Holand
Richard also had an illegitimate daughter, Eleanor, who married John de Bereford.
Richard's father, Edmund, was executed by Queen Isabel and her minion, Richard de Mortimer, resulting in the forfeiture of his lands and honors. In 1331, Richard was fully restored to his legacy, obtained the Castle and honors of Arundel, thusly becoming Lord Arundel. Heir to his uncle, Sir John de Warenne, he inherited vast estates including those in Surrey, and Norfolk. He also regained family estates in Sussex and the Welsh Marches as one of Edward, the Black Prince's most trusted advisers. In 1359, he loaned the Prince £2000, receiving as security the gold crown and star of the French King. Richard also loaned Edward III large sums of money. When his uncle's wife, Joan of Bar died in 1361, Richard became the Earl of Surrey.
Sir Richard distinguished himself in the French and Scottish wars, fought at the Battle of Sluys, then Tournai, became Warden o the Scottish Marches, and appointed Lieutenant of Aquitaine in 1340. Sir Richard was one of the principal English commanders in the second division at the Battle of Crecy in 1346.
Richard FitzAlan of Arundel became one of the most powerful of the lords of the northern March, who had 1900 pounds in his coffers at Holt and Clun. In an era where a magnificent tomb of marble cost £8, this was an enormous sum.
Despite his high offices in Wales, in the following decade s Arundel spent much of his time fighting in Scotland (during the Second Wars of Scottish Independence) and France (during the Hundred Years' War). In 1337, Arundel was made joint commander of the English army in the north, and the next year he was made the sole commander. He fought in the fall of Calais in 1347.
Richard died at Arundel Castle and was buried at Lewes Priory in Lewes, Sussex, England. In his will Richard requested to be buried "near to the tomb of Eleanor de Lancaster, my wife; and I desire that my tomb be no higher than hers, that no men at arms, horses, hearse, or other pomp, be used at my funeral, but only five torches...as was about the corpse of my wife, be allowed."
Despite all records indicating Richard and Eleanor were buried at Lewes Priory, there is a tomb for them at Chicester Cathedral as well. Richard's death is recorded as 24 January 1376 in Sussex, England. One more source says he wrote his will on 5 December 1375, and died on 14 January 1376 at Arundel Castle.
English nobleman turned outlaw from Whittington Castle in Shropshire. The historical Fulk, or Fulk III FitzWarin, was a Marcher Lord who rebelled against King John from 1200 to 1203 over his familial right to the estate of Whittington. After his death he was the subject of an "ancestral romance", Fouke le Fitz Waryn, which contains a highly embellished account of his life and family history. The bulk of the narrative is concerned with his period as an outlaw, which has various similarities to the later legends of Robin Hood.
Fulk III was the son of Fulk II FitzWarin (died 1197) by Hawise le Dinan, daughter and co-heiress of Josce de Dinan, the holder of Ludlow Castle for the Empress Matilda during the civil war between the latter and King Stephen. The family had long been struggling to retain the manor of Whittington, of which the crown had deprived them. After his father's death in 1197 Fulk III paid a fine of £100 for his inheritance of the manor, probably as a feudal relief, yet King John granted it instead to Meurig, son of the Welsh nobleman Roger of Powys. This action caused Fulk III to rebel against King John between 1200 and 1203. He was assisted in his rebellion by 52 followers including his brothers William, Phillip and John and by the family's tenants and allies in the Marches. Hubert de Burgh was sent by the king with 100 knights to counter Fulk's rebellion, but the matter was apparently settled amicably as in October 1204 Fulk had recovered Whittington on payment of a fine of 200 marks. The family likewise struggled over a long period to retain the manor of Alveston in Gloucestershire. Between 1221 and 1226 Fulk III founded Alberbury Priory which he granted to the Augustinian canons of Lilleshall but later transferred it to the Order of Grandmont.
Fulk III married firstly Matilda le Vavasour, daughter of Robert le Vavasour. She was the widow of Theobald Butler, the brother of Archbishop Hubert Walter. He married secondly Clarice d'Auberville. He had 2 sons and 4 daughters:
Fulk IV FitzWarin(d.1264, drowned at the Battle of Lewes)
Fulk Glas of Alberbury
Hawise, wife of William Pantulf, a Marcher Lord
Joan
Eva
Mabel
Fulk III lived to a great age and some time before his death in 1258 handed over control of much of his responsibilities to his son and heir Fulk IV. In 1252 he made his will which stated his wish to be buried at his foundation of Alberbury Priory.
The biography of Fulk III survives in a French prose "ancestral romance", extant in a miscellaneous manuscript containing English, French and Latin texts, which is based on a lost verse romance. A 16th century summary of a Middle English version has also been preserved. The work is part of the Matter of England. According to the tale, as a young boy, Fulk was sent to the court of King Henry II, where he grew up with the future King John. John became his enemy after a childhood quarrel during a game of chess. As an adult, Fulk was stripped of his family's holdings, and took to the woods as an outlaw. The story may in fact also have confused aspects of the lives of two Fulk FitzWarins, Fulk I (d.1171) and Fulk II (d.1197), father and son. The romance of Fulk FitzWarin has been noted for its parallels to the Robin Hood legend. It is also similar to that of other medieval outlaws such as Eustace the Monk and Hereward the Wake. Fulk Fitzwarin II is depicted in the stained glass window at St Laurence Church, Ludlow.
Fulk III was the son of Fulk II FitzWarin (died 1197) by Hawise le Dinan, daughter and co-heiress of Josce de Dinan, the holder of Ludlow Castle for the Empress Matilda during the civil war between the latter and King Stephen. The family had long been struggling to retain the manor of Whittington, of which the crown had deprived them. After his father's death in 1197 Fulk III paid a fine of £100 for his inheritance of the manor, probably as a feudal relief, yet King John granted it instead to Meurig, son of the Welsh nobleman Roger of Powys. This action caused Fulk III to rebel against King John between 1200 and 1203. He was assisted in his rebellion by 52 followers including his brothers William, Phillip and John and by the family's tenants and allies in the Marches. Hubert de Burgh was sent by the king with 100 knights to counter Fulk's rebellion, but the matter was apparently settled amicably as in October 1204 Fulk had recovered Whittington on payment of a fine of 200 marks. The family likewise struggled over a long period to retain the manor of Alveston in Gloucestershire.
He was born in Ireland in 1194, the son of Gerald FitzMaurice, 1st Lord of Offaly and Eve de Bermingham.
1204 - Succeeded to the title of Lord of Offaly on 15 Jan 1204
1217 - Invested as a knight in July 1217, at the age of 23.
1229 - Summoned to London to accompany King Henry III of England to Poitou and Gascony in October 1229.
1232 - Appointed Justiciar of Ireland in September 1232, held the post until 1245.
1235 - King criticised him in Feb for his proceedings in office, and described him as "little pleasant, nay, beyond measure harsh in executing the King's mandates."
1235 - Took part in the takeover of Connacht.
1241 - (1242, 1246, 1247, 1248) mustered armies against the Irish.
1245 - Dismissed from his post as Justiciar as a result of tardiness in sending the King assistance in the latter's military campaigns in Wales. His successor was John FitzGeoffrey.
1245 - Laid the foundations for Sligo Castle.
1247 - In the Annals of the Four Masters, 1247, it was recorded that Melaghlin O' Donnell, the Lord of Tyrconnell was slain by Maurice FitzGerald.
1250 - Held both the office of Member of the Council of Ireland, and Commissioner of the Treasury.
1250 - Founded the Franciscan Friary at Youghal and the Dominican Friary at Sligo, hence his nickname of an Brathair, which is Irish for The Friar.
1252 - Was at the English royal court in January.
1254 - Received an urgent summons from King Henry in January 1254.
1257 - His Norman army engaged the forces led by Godfrey O'Donnell, King of Tyrconnell at the Battle of Credan. Maurice and Godfrey fought in single combat, both were gravely wounded. Maurice would die wearing his Franciscan habit at the Youghal Monastery, aged 63. In the Annals of the Four Masters, 1257 his death is described thus: "Maurice FitzGerald for some time Lord Justice of Ireland and the destroyer of the Irish, died." (In Irish this reads as: "Muiris macGerailt lustis Ereann re h-edh diosccaoilteach Gaoidheal d'écc".)
He was succeeded as Lord of Offaly by his son, Maurice FitzGerald, 3rd Lord of Offaly, rather than the rightful successor, his grandson, Maurice, son of his eldest son, Gerald.
His reputation was marred by rumours that he had contrived the death of Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke in 1234. FitzGerald met Marshal at the Battle of the Curragh on 1 April, where Marshal was wounded and died shortly after. It was rumoured that Marshal had been betrayed.
1262 - among the chief magnates in Ireland summoned to inform King Henry III of England and his son Prince Edward about conditions in the country in May.
1265 - Summoned to the King in June
1272 - appointed Justiciar of Ireland on 23 June 1272 following the accidental death of his predecessor, James de Audley on 11 June
1273 - was succeeded by Sir Geoffrey de Geneville, Seigneur de Vaucouleurs
1276 - led a force of men from Connacht against the Irish clans of County Wicklow, attacked the Irish at Glenmalure, but were defeated and suffered heavy losses
He held four knight's fees in both Lea and Geashill from Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Wigmore who had inherited them from his wife, Maud de Braose.