Known as the first King of All England, the last Saxon 'bretwalda"
Spent three years in exile at the court of Charlemagne in Francia, in the
court of the powerful Offa, King of Mercia, in contention for the throne?
789 Current king of Wessex Beorhtric was negotiating to marry Offa's daughter,
felt Egbert was a difficulty, suggested Offa hand Egbert over. Egbert fled,
perhaps to Charlemagne's court having strong Frankish connections thought
his Kentish ancestry, possibly arriving around 792.Offa had also angered
Charlemagne by trying to marry their children, Charlemagne's daughter and
Offa's son, where as Charlemagne broke off all relations with England.
802 Beorhtric died, Egbert called back, recognized as the King of Wessex
by the Witans
815 Egbert invaded Cornwall, devasting the kingdom
825 Egbert defeated the Bernwulf of the Mercians at the battle of Ellendun
in Wilton. He sent his son, Ethelwulf into Kent, driving the king, Baldred
north. Kent, Surrey, Sussex and Wessex submitted to Egbert. Aethelwulf became
sub king of these territories. Athelstan, King of the East Angles sought
protection having slain Bernwulf from Mercia.
829 The Northumbrians accepted his overlordship and he was proclaimed "Bretwalda"
or sole ruler of Britain including Cornwall
835 Danes devasted Sheppey in Kent
836 Danes landed at Carhampton (Charmouth) in Devon, defeated Egbert, his
only defeat.
838 Danes allied with Cornish to declare all out war on the Saxons, they
met at Hingston Down near Callington on the Devon Cornwall border. Egbert
prevailed, although probably not in the battle at age sixty.
Egbert died following year, succeeded by his son Aethelwolf. His daughter
Eadgyth (Edith) became a nun at the Poleworth Abbey in Warwickshire.
Succeeded grandfather and father's rule in Venedotian territory of north Wales.
Ruled Gwyneddcirca 500 to 534
Cadwallon is Welsh for "battle leader"
Lawhir means long hand, physical attribute
During Cadwallon's reign the legend Arthur gained his victory over the Saxons
at Badon in 516
Cadwallon involved in skirmishes with Saxons around Chester down through
the Welsh marches.
Defended his territory on Irish attacks from the west
Welsh bards tell a tale of Cadwallon leading his troops into Anglesey to
defeat the Irish and claim the island which later became his base.
Cadwallon may have been succeeded by a brother who was killed by Maelgwyn,
Cadwallon's son.
Sources:
Mike Ashley's "British Kings & Queens"
Cadwallon ap Einion (c.460-534; reigned from c.500), also known as Cadwallon Lawhir ('Long Hand') and Cadwallon I, was a king of Gwynedd.
According to tradition, Cadwallon ruled during, or shortly after, the Battle of Mons Badonicus, and King Arthur's victory over the Saxons (depending on which date you believe, said battle accorded either sometime between the early 490s and the mid 510s). Although it is unlikely that Cadwallon himself was present at the event, he would likely have benefitted from the period of relative peace and prosperity throughout Britain that it procured. The most momentous military achievement of Cadwallon's reign was the final expulsion of Irish settlers on Ynys Mon (Anglesey), and the absorption of that island, which would later become the cultural and political base of the kingdom, into Gwynedd.
Cadwallon's second name, Lawhir, referred to an actual physical characteristic of the man: he apparently had unusually long arms. Iolo Goch claims that he could "reach a stone from the ground to kill a raven, without bending his back, because his arm was as long as his side to the ground."
According to Gildas, Cadwallon's son, Maelgwn, murdered his uncle to ascend to the throne, which suggests that someone other than Maelgwn himself inherited the kingdom upon Cadwallon's death. No clear evidence exists as to who this "lost king" might be (assuming, of course, that Gildas's account is reliable), but some have suggested the name of Owain White Tooth as the unfortunate heir/victim.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwallon_Lawhir_ap_Einion
Ottar ruled the Swedes after his father's death. He did not maintain the
friendship with King Frode of Denmark who sent messengers demanding the scatt
(property/money/animals) promised to him by Ottar's father. Ottar said no,
no Swede had ever paid a scatt to a Dane, so the next summer, Frode ravaged
Sweden. The following summer Frode invaded northward, Ottar heard Frode
was not at home so he proceeds westward to the Sound, and sails north about
to Jutland, lands at Lymfjord and plunders the Vend district. The two earls
left in charge, Vatt and Faste, came upon Ottar unexpectedly and fought at
Lymfjord. The Danes won, left Ottar's body to the beasts, and sent a wooden
crow back to Sweden with word with it that their king, Ottar, was no better
than it; and from this he was called Ottar Vendelcrow.
Heimskringla, Ynglinga Saga, Section 31
Ohthere, Ohtere (the name is sometimes mispelt Ohþere), or Ottar Vendelkråka (Vendelcrow) (ca 515 - ca 530) was a king of the Swedish house of Scylfings. Ohthere is considered to be a fairly historical king of Sweden, the memory of whom has been conveyed by Beowulf, Norse sagas and Swedish tradition (see also Origins for Beowulf and Hrólf Kraki). His name has been reconstructed as Proto-Norse *Ohtaharjaz or *Ohtuharjaz [1]. He was the son of Ongenþeow and the brother of Onela. He was the father of Eadgils, and according to Beowulf he also had a son named Eanmund.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohthere
Richilde, Countess of Mons and Hainaut (c. 1031 - 15 March 1086) Her parentage is unknown, although she is often recorded a daughter of Regnier V of Mons and Mathilde of Verdun, who were actually her parents-in-law.
She was married firstly to Hermann of Mons, count of Hainaut, son of Régnier V, count of Hainaut and Mathilde of Verdun, circa 1043. They served as co-rulers in Mons and Hainaut from1039 to 1051.
Soon after the death of Hermann, Richilde married Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders. By their marriage Flanders took control of the County of Hainaut (at that moment still a conglomerate of the county of Mons, the margraviate of Valenciennes and the southern county out of the Brabant shire). When she was fifty-two Richilde made an alliance with Philip I of France of France and led her troops into battle against her second husband.
Baldwin VI died on July 17, 1070. Richilde served as Regent for their son Arnulf III.
Richilde thirdly married, circa 1070, to William Fitzosbern, 1st Earl of Hereford (c. 1025-1071).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richilde%2C_Countess_of_Mons_and_Hainaut