Boleslaus I the Cruel (Czech: Boleslav I. Ukrutný) (died July 15, 967 or 972) was the duke of Bohemia from 929 or 935 to his death. His father was Vratislaus I.
Boleslav is notorious for the murder of his brother Saint Wenceslas, the result of which brought him to the Czech ducal throne. Wenceslaus was murdered during a feast, and at precisely that time was Boleslav's son born. He received a strange name: Strachkvas, which meant "a dreadful feast". Being remorseful of what he had done, Boleslav promised to devote his son to religion and educate him as a clergyman. He kept his word.
Despite the fratricide, Boleslav is generally respected by Czech historians as an energetic ruler. Citing Wenceslas' religious policies as the cause of Boleslav's fratricide seems unlikely as Boleslav in no way impeded the growth of Christianity in Bohemia, and in fact he actually sent his daughter Mlada, a nun, to Rome to ask permission to make Prague a bishopric.
One major policy shift after the death of Wenceslas was regarding Czech-German relations. It is usually asserted that Wenceslas was an obedient client of the German King Henry the Fowler. Boleslav, on the other hand, found himself almost immediately at war with Henry's successor Otto the Great. This conflict, presumably consisting of border raids (the general pattern of warfare in this region at the time) between Boleslav on one side and the margrave of the Ostmark on the other, reached its conclusion in 950 when Boleslav signed a peace with Otto. It cannot be said for certain if Boleslav became a vassal of the German king, but it is known that he led a Czech force in alliance with Otto at the great victory over the Magyars at the Lech river (August 10, 955). He had also helped Otto to crush an uprising of Slavs on the Lower Elbe in 953.
Czech historians also claim that Boleslav expanded his power into Silesia, Lusatia, and Moravia, but no dates are given for these alleged conquests. If they did occur, they must have been only transistory gains because Boleslav's successors had to conquer them all over again. Boleslav saw the growth of Polish strength to the north of his borders and he accordingly arranged for his daughter Dobrava to marry the Piast prince Mieszko I in 965. He was succeeded by his son Boleslaus the Pious.
Defeated by Otto I of Germany 950, Bohemia became part of Bavaria
Boleslaus II the Pious (Czech: Boleslav II. Pobožný; ca. 920 – February 7, 999) was the duke of Bohemia from 972, a member of the Premyslid dynasty. The son of Boleslaus I and Anna, Boleslaus II became Duke (or Prince) upon his father's death. Boleslaus maintained good relations with the Ottonian German kings, and in 975 supported Otto II during his civil war against Henry II, Duke of Bavaria. In 977, Boleslaus again attacked Bavaria, but on this occasion was barred from annexing any lands by Otto II.
Boleslaus' reign is most notable for the foundation of the diocese of Prague in 973. It was placed within the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Mainz. In 982, Vojtech (later known as Saint Adalbert) was appointed to this position until he abandoned his primacy to lead a mission to the Old Prussians in 994. War between Poland and Bohemia was continual in this period and by 990 Boleslaus had occupied Silesia.
On September 28, 995, Boleslaus and his confederate Vršovci stormed Libice in southern Bohemia and massacred Slavník's dynasty. This clan had been the main rival of Premyslid power in Bohemia. Boleslaus' brutal triumph ensured the unity of Bohemia under a single ruler.
Boleslaus was succeeded by, Boleslaus, his eldest son by his first wife, Adiva, daughter of Edward the Elder, King of England. His second son, Wenceslaus, died as an infant, but his two youngest sons, Jaromir and Oldrich, were both later dukes. Boleslaus' second wife was Emma of Melnik.
"Wry-mouth" Greattest of Polish kings defeating Pomeranians in the Battle of Nakio 1109, incorporating Pomerania and re-establishing access to the sea. Defeated German Henry V 1109 at Battle of Hundsfeld near Breslau but had no effect on Hungary. 50 pg 242
Boleslaw III Wrymouth ("Boh-LEH-swahf"; Polish: Boleslaw III Krzywousty; 1085 – 1138) was Duke of Poland from 1102. He was the son of Duke Wladyslaw I Herman and Judith of Bohemia, daughter of Vratislaus II of Bohemia.
Boleslaw Wrymouth defeated the Pomeranians at the Battle of Naklo (1109) and took control of Pomerania (1119-1123), thus regaining Polish access to the Baltic Sea. The local government of the Pomeranians was left in place.
Boleslaw also defeated Emperor Henry V (1109) in the Battles of Glogów and Psie Pole (the latter also known, in German translation, as the Battle of Hundsfeld). In the years 1113-1119 he had taken control over Pomerania.[1] In 1135, Boleslaw gave a tribute to Emperor Lothair II (Lothar von Supplinburg) and the emperor received from Boleslaw parts of Western Pomerania and Rügen as fiefs. Boleslaw also campaigned in Hungary 1132 – 1135, but to little effect.
With his first wife, Zbyslava, daughter of Grand Duke Sviatopolk II of Kiev, Boleslaw had one son:
Wladyslaw II the Exile (born 1105), King of Poland.
Boleslaw subsequently married Salome von Berg-Schelklingen, by whom he had 14 children (six sons and eight daughters), of whom four sons and five daughters are known:
Boleslaw IV the Curly (born 1125);
Mieszko III the Old (born 1126);
Henryk of Sandomierz (born 1127);
Casimir II the Just (born 1138);
Rycheza of Poland (born April 12, 1116), who married Grand Duke Volodar;
Dobronega of Poland (born 1128), who married Marquis Dietrich of Niederlausitz;
Gertruda of Poland;
Judith of Poland (born 1132), who married Otto I of Brandenburg; and
Agnes of Poland (born 1137), who married Mstislav II of Kiev.
Before his death in 1138, Boleslaw Wrymouth published his testament (Boleslaw Wrymouth's testament) dividing his lands among four of his sons. The "senioral principle" established in the testament stated that at all times the eldest member of the dynasty was to have supreme power over the rest and was also to control an indivisible "senioral part": a vast strip of land running north-south down the middle of Poland, with Kraków its chief city. The Senior's prerogatives also included control over Pomerania, a fief of the Holy Roman Empire. The "senioral principle" was soon broken, leading to a period of nearly 200 years of Poland's feudal fragmentation.
"Of Borrowdale"
m1: Anne Broughton
Children: Ann Borodell
m2: Anne Allen
Children:
Alice, Margaret, John, Robert, two others
John De Botetourt (older)
There is a bit of confusion regarding both John Botetourts and their wives.
Lord Botetourt of Weobley Castle
John (older)
d b 10 Jul 1266 St. Briavel Castle, St. Briavel, Gloucestershire, England
m ????
d 25 Nov 1324 St. Briavel Castle, St. Briavel, Gloucestershire, England
John (younger)
b 1320 Halesowen, Shropshire, England
m 1 Maud soon after 28 Nov 1358, dtr of John de Grey, first Lord of Rotherfield
(d 1359) by his 2nd wife Avice Marimon
Children:
Elizabeth de Botetourt (m Baldwin Frebille, died young)
Joyce de Botetourt (m1 Baldwin Frebille, m2 Adam Pershall,
died 1410) (unlikely dtr of Maud!)
Maud remarried Sir Thomas de Harcourt of Stanton Harcourt,
Oxfordshire, grandson was Sir Robert Harcourt
m 2 Joyce before 31 May 1347, dtr of William la Zouche, formerly Mortimer
(Lord Zouche of Mortimer)
Children:
John de Botetourt (m Maud de Grey, dtr of 2nd Lord de
Grey?)
Mathilda de Botetourt (Abess of Polesworth)
Agnes de Botetourt (nun)
Alice de Botetourt (m John Keriell)
Catherine de Botetourt (m Maurice or Thomas Berkeley
of Uley)
d 1385 in Weobley Castle, Worcestershire, England
Children:
Joyce De Botetourt, b: 1358 in Weobley Castle, Worcestershire, England
Catherine De Botetourt, b: 1369 in Weobly Castle, Worcester, England
Hailes Abbey Chronicle stated John Botetourt was the bastard son of Edward
Longshanks.
F.N. Craig in The American Genealogist (vol 63, pp 145-153, 1988) that he
was more likely the son of Guy de Botetourt (living 1274, 1316) and wife
Ada.
www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk/cp/p_botetourt.shtml
Joyce was co-heir to her niece, Joyce Botetort who married Sr Hugh Burnell, by which she inherited the manors of Newport Bagnell and Linford, Buckinghamshire, and various other manors in Stafford, Warwick and Worcester.
Daughter of John de Botetourte, Lord Botetourte of Weobley Castle (1318-1385) and Joyce la Zouche de Mortimer
b. 1367/8, d. 12 Aug 1420
m1: Baldwin Freville (1350-1387)
m2: Sir Adam de Peshall
After divorce of his mother 1236, 7th Earl of Essex, Constable of England, sheriff of Kent
Inherited Huntington Castle from Braose family when William Braose was hung for treason by Llewelyn Fawr. Prince Dafydd (brother to Llewelyn Gruffydd) invaded the lordship and in 1244 defeated the armies of Ralph Mortimer and Humphrey Bohun in his attempt to regain the land and castles.
Humphrey de Bohun (1208 – September 24, 1275) was 2nd Earl of Hereford and 1st Earl of Essex, as well as Constable of England. He was the son of Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford and Maud of Essex.
He was one of the nine godfathers of Prince Edward. After returning from a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, he was one of the writers of the Provisions of Oxford in 1258. His wife was Maud de Lusignan, daughter of Raoul de Lusignan, Count of Eu. Their children were:
Humphrey de Bohun, predeceased his father in 1265.
Knight, 6th Earl of Hereford, Baron of Pleshy, hereditary Constable of England, Constable of Dover Castle, Sheriff of Kent. He fought in France in 1230, Gascony in 1242 and 1253, in Wales 1257. He was at the coronation of Queen Eleanor (wife of Henry III) in 1236, when he was Marshall of the Household. He succeeded his mother as the 7th Earl of Essex in 1236, went on a pilgrimage to Santiago Spain in 1237, was a Crusader in the Holy Land 1250. Humphrey attended the 1242 expedtion to France, spoke in defense of Simon de Montfort, and was one of the 24 councillors to draw up the Provisions of Oxford, an original commissioner, and then one of the council of 15. He was taken prisoner at the Battle of Lewes 14 May 1264. In 1275 he received a dispensation form the Pope to eat meat on Sundays, Tuesdays, Thursdays and during Lent. His second wife, Maud de Avenbury is buried along side her. She died and was buried at Sorges, Gascony, but her son, John, had her remains moved to Llanthony Abbey.
7th Earl of Hereford, 8th Earl of Essex, Baron of Pleshy, Kington, hereditary Constable of England, eldest son and heir.
During his grandfather's lifetime, he was deputy of England. After his mother died, he was granted his mother's lands in 1270, but he did not possess Brecon from the Welsh until 1276. In 1278 he went to Santiago, Spain with protection from King Edward II, in 1285 he was ordered by the Bishop in Worcester to stop bothering the priory in Horsley. In 1285 he was going 'beyond the seas" and staying in Wales at the King's command in 1287.
Humphrey had to buy back his right to marriage from Gilbert de Clare, the Earl of Gloucester. Gilbert insisted he was not paid in full and their private war waged, Gilbert built on Humphrey's land, until the king had them arrested, brought to him and fined, and imprisoned. Gilbert was fined 10,000 marks, Humphrey was fined 1,000, and properties were seized.
In 1297, Humphrey conducted Princess Elizabeth and her first husband, John Holand, from England to John's home in Ghent. Elizabeth would marry Humphrey's son after John died, possibly murdered. He and Roger Bigod refused to fight in Gascony on the basis they fought only in direct service of the King, but in disquise of their protest of the kings' taxes.
Knight, 8th Earl of Hereford, 9th Earl of Essex, Baron of Kington, hereditary Costable of England. Of Pleshy, Debden, Fobbing, Saffron Walden, Shenfield, Essex, Kimbolton, Huntingdonshire, Enfield, Middlesex, Brecknock and Hay, Brecon, Caldicott Monmouthsire Wales.
Oldest son and heir of Sir Humphrey de Bohun and Maud de Fiennes.
Humphrey and Elizabeth were the parents of six sons and four daughters.
1297- his father accompanied Elizabeth with her first husband, John de Holand to John's family home in Ghent, where John died, probably murdered.
1298 July 22 - he fought with his father at Falkirk
1300 - Siege of Caerlaverrock
1301 - signed Baron's letter to the Pope Boniface
1302 Nov 14 - married Lady Elizabeth, dau of Edward I at Westminster
1303 - Humphrey and Elizabeth granted a market and two fairs at Enfield
1305 - fought in the tournaments at Fulham
1306 - granted the castle of Lochmaben and lordship of Annandale in Scottish Marches, formerly belonging to Robert de Brus
1307 - fought in the tournaments at Wallingford
1307 - granted to manors of Writtle, Baddlow, Broomshaw, Hatfield, formerly belonging to Robert de Brus
1308 - carried the sceptre with cross at the coronation of Edward II
1310 - sworn as one of the Lord Ordainers to reform the king's household
1312 - Joined in the hunt for Peter Gavaston in Scarborough with Thomas, Duke of Lancaster
1313 Oct - pardoned for his part in Gavaston's murder
1314 - fought at Bannockburn, taken prisoner at Bothwell, exchanged for Robert de Brus' wife. Elizabeth de Burgh
1315 - stopped rebellion of Welsh borders
1316 - appointed Captain of forces against Llywelyn Bren
1316 May 5 - Elizabeth died in childbirth, buried at Walden Abbey
1319 Aug 11 - his will requested to be buried with his wife
1322 Mar 16 - slain at the Battle of Boroughbridge
1322 - the Abbott of Walden delivered jewelry and the crown bequeathed Elizabeth by her mother to Nicholas de la Beche, the Constable of the Tower of London.
Sheriff of Kent, hereditary Constable of England.
Died on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land.
Sheriff of Kent, 5th Earl of Hereford, 1200.
Hereditary Constable of England.
Magna Carta Surety, 1215.
Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford (1176 - 1220) was an English nobleman. He was Earl of Hereford and Hereditary Constable of England from 1199 to 1220.
He was the son of Humphrey de Bohun and Princess Margaret, daughter of Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon, a son of David I of Scotland. His paternal grandmother was Margaret, daughter of Miles de Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford and Constable of England. Bohun's half-sister was Constance, Duchess of Brittany.
The male line of Miles of Gloucester having failed, on the accession of King John of England, Bohun was created Earl of Hereford and Constable of England (1199). He married Maud of Essex, daughter of Geoffrey Fitzpeter, 1st Earl of Essex. Their children were:
Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford
Margery de Bohun, married Waleran de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Warwick.
Bohun was one of the 25 sureties of the Magna Carta, and was subsequently excommunicated by the Pope. He was also a supporter of King Louis VIII of France and was captured at the Battle of Lincoln in 1217. He died whilst on pilgrimage to the Holy Land.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_de_Bohun%2C_1st_Earl_of_Hereford
Sir Henry is the son of Henry, who is the son of Henry, living 1025 , who is the son of Henry living 975, parents unknown.
Knight, Earl of Northampton, ambassador to the Duke of Brittany, son and heir of William de Bohun and Elizabeth Badlesmere. 7th Earl of Hereford in 1361, 6th Earl of Essex, 2nd Earl of Northampton. Husband of Joan Arundel FitzAlan, by licence dated 17 Oct 1359 with papal dispensation as they were related in the 4th degree.
See the Crusades.
He was christened "Mark" but came to be known as Bohemund, after a legendary giant of that name.
Served under his father during the attack on the Byzantines 1080 - 1085. It was well known, or obvious, that Bohemund took the Cross with the intention of plundering and conquering Greek lands, especially since the lands he inherited from his father were taken by the Greeks.
Anna Commena, daughter of the Emperor Alexius of Costantinople wrote of the son Bohemond, son of Guisard: "He was taller than the rest by a cubit, slim of waist, broad of chest and shoulders; he was neither fat nor thin and had strong arms and rather large, fleshy hands. His skin was very white and his hair rather fair, just reaching his ears, instead of floating free as was the fashion with the rest of the barbarians. I cannot say what colour his beard was as he was clean-shaven, nevertheless I believe it was red, his eyes were sea green. His nostrils wide, and he breathed freely in time with the fervent heart beating in his vast chest. His face had a certain attraction but this was spoilt by the fear in which it inspired. His huge stature, his gaze....there was something about these things which was unpleasant and seemed even inhuman. His smile was not more than a quivering threat. It was all guile and trickery. Neither his careful speech nor his reactions revealed anything of his thoughts."
Regarding his daughter, Constance, a major player in the crusades:
Constance of Antioch (1127-1163) was the ruler of the principality of Antioch (a crusader state) from 1130 to her death.
Constance was the only daughter of Bohemund II of Antioch by his wife Alice, princess of Jerusalem. She became princess of Antioch when she was only four-years-old, under the regency of Baldwin II of Jerusalem (1130-1131) and Fulk of Jerusalem (1131-1136). Her mother Alice did not want the principality to pass to Constance, preferring to rule in her own name. Alice attempted to ally with the Muslim atabeg of Mosul, Zengi, offering to marry Constance to a Muslim prince, but the plan was foiled by Alice's father Baldwin, who exiled her from Antioch. In 1135 Alice attempted once again to take control of the principality, and sought a husband for Constance in Manuel Comnenus, at that time the heir to the Byzantine throne. Fulk exiled her again and re-established the regency for Constance. In 1136, while still a child, Constance was married to Raymond of Poitiers, whom the noble supporters of the regency had secretly summoned from Europe; Alice was tricked into believing Raymond was going to marry her, and, humiliated, left Antioch for good when the marriage was performed. From this union three children were born:
Bohemund III of Antioch, who succeeded her in 1163
Maria of Antioch (1145-1182), married (rechristened as "Xena") to Manuel I Comnenus
Philippa of Antioch, mistress to Andronicus I Comnenus
In 1149, Raymond died in the battle of Inab and Constance remarried in 1153 to Raynald of Chatillon, who also became co-ruler of Antioch. Constance had two daughters from Raynald:
Agnes (1154-1184), married king Bela III of Hungary
Alix, married Azzo V d'Este
Raynald was captured in 1160 and spent the next sixteen years in a prison in Aleppo. A dispute arose between Constance and her son, Bohemund, when Bohemund tried to seize power in Antioch. A riot broke out, and Constance was exiled from the city. She died in 1163.
Surnamed Borel and called the Red, (1058–23 March 1103) was duke of Burgundy between 1079 and 1103. Eudes was the second son of Henry of Burgundy and Sybille of Barcelona. He became Duke of Burgundy following the abdication of his older brother, Hugh I, who retired to become a Benedictine monk. Eudes married Maud of Burgundy (1065 - 1101), daughter of William I, Count of Burgundy and Stephanie de Longwy.
An interesting incident is reported of this robber baron by an eyewitness Eadmer, biographer of Anselm of Canterbury. While Saint Anselm was progressing through Eudes's territory on his way to Rome in 1097, the bandit, expecting great treasure in the archbishop's retinue, prepared to ambush and loot it. Coming upon the prelate's train, the duke asked for the archbishop, who they had not found. Anselm promptly came forward and took the duke by surprise, saying "My lord duke, suffer me to embrace thee." The flabbergasted duke immediately suffered the bishop to embrace him and offered himself as Anselm's humble servant.
He was a participant in the ill-fated Crusade of 1101.
Count of Boulogne, was the husband of Goda, daughter of the English king Æthelred the Unready, and sister of Edward the Confessor. He was the son of Eustace I. From his second marriage with Ida of Lorraine, Eustace had two sons, Godfrey of Bouillon and Baldwin, later monarchs of Jerusalem in Syria.
Eustace paid a visit to England in 1051, and was honourably received at the Confessor's court. A brawl in which he and his servants became involved with the citizens of Dover (someone refused them lodging) led to a serious quarrel between the king and Earl Godwine after the Kind sent Godwone to settle the havoc.
Godwine, to whose jurisdiction the men of Dover were subject, refused to punish them. His lack of respect to those in authority was made the excuse for outlawing himself and his family. In 1066 Eustace came to England with Duke William, and fought at the battle of Hastings.
In the following year, probably because he was dissatisfied with his share of the spoil, he assisted the Kentishmen in an attempt to seize Dover Castle. The conspiracy failed, and Eustace was sentenced to forfeit his English fiefs. Subsequently he was reconciled to the Conqueror, who restored a portion of the confiscated lands.
In 1071 he espoused the cause of Richilde and her son, Baldwin, Count of Flanders, and in the February of that year defeated their competitor, Robert the Frison, at Montcassel, and, pursuing him to St. Omer, took him prisoner. On regaining his liberty some few months afterwards, Robert in his turn defeated Eustace, and took him prisoner at the battle of Broqueroie. Godfrey, the brother of Eustace, Chancellor of France and Bishop of Paris, ransomed him, and Robert, to obtain his alliance, ceded to him the Forest of Bethlo and the Castle of Sperli.
Eustace died in 1093, and was succeeded by his son, Eustace III.
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Eustace II, (d. 1093), count of Boulogne, was the husband of Goda, daughter of the English king Æthelred the Unready, and sister of Edward the Confessor. He was the son of Eustace I. From his second marriage with Ida of Lorraine, Eustace had three sons, Eustace III, the next count of Boulogne, and Godfrey of Bouillon and Baldwin, both later monarchs of Jerusalem in Syria.
Eustace paid a visit to England in 1051, and was honourably received at the Confessor's court. A brawl in which he and his servants became involved with the citizens of Dover led to a serious quarrel between the king and Earl Godwine.
The latter, to whose jurisdiction the men of Dover were subject, refused to punish them. His lack of respect to those in authority was made the excuse for outlawing himself and his family. In 1066 Eustace came to England with Duke William, and fought at the battle of Hastings.
In the following year, probably because he was dissatisfied with his share of the spoil, he assisted the Kentishmen in an attempt to seize Dover Castle. The conspiracy failed, and Eustace was sentenced to forfeit his English fiefs.
Subsequently he was reconciled to the Conqueror, who restored a portion of the confiscated lands. Eustace died in 1093, and was succeeded by his son, Eustace III.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eustace_II_of_Boulogne
Holdings per Domesday book: Belluton, Chelwood, Combwich, Compton Dando, Compton Durville, Loxton, Newton(North Peverton). http://www.infokey.com/Domesday/Somerset.htm
Boso was the son of Biwin, a count in Lotharingia. His aunt Theutberga was the wife of the Emperor Lothar II. Boso also was a nephew of the Italian count Boso, from which Boso derived his name, and of Hugbert, lay abbot of St. Maurice d’Agaune, which he succeeded as lay abbot in 869.
In 870 Charles the Bald, King of Western Francia, married Boso's sister Richilde. This marriage paved the way for Boso's career in the service of his royal brother-in-law. In the same year, Bosos was appointed Count of Lyon and Vienne, replacing Gerard of Rousillon, and in 872 Charles appointed him chamberlain and magister ostiariorum 'master of doorkeepers' to Charles' young son Louis the Stammerer and also Count of Bourges. Louis ruled as a subordinate king of Aquitaine, but because of his youth, it was Boso who took care of the administration of that realm.
In autumn of 875 he accompanied Charles on his first Italian campaign and at the diet of Pavia in February 876 he was appointed arch-minister and missus dominicus for Italy and elevated to the rank of Duke. He probably had also been charged with the administration of the Provence. Boso acted as a viceroy and increased his prestige even more by marrying Ermengard, the only daughter of Emperor Louis II.
He however disapproved of Charles' second Italian campaign in 877 and conspired with other, like-minded nobles against his king. After Charles's death in October 877 these nobles forced Charles's son Louis the Stammerer to confirm their rights and privileges.
Boso also formed close relations to the Papacy and in September 878 he accompanied Pope John VIII to Troyes, where the Pope asked king Louis the Stammerer for his support in Italy. The Pope adopted Boso as his son and probably offered to crown Louis Emperor.
In April 879 king Louis the Stammerer died, leaving behind two adult sons, Louis and Carloman. Boso joined with other western Frankish nobles and advocated making Louis the sole heir of the western kingdom, but eventually both brothers were elected kings.
Boso, claiming reasons of legitimacy, however renounced allegiance to both brothers and in July claimed independence ("Boso Dei gratia id quod sum"). He also claimed that his father-in-law Louis II had named him as his heir. On 15 October 879 the bishops and nobles of the region around the rivers Rhône and Saône assembled in the synod of Mantaille elected Boso king as successor to Louis the Stammerer. This event marks the first occurrence of a "free election", without regard to royal descent, inspired by principles of ecclesiastical elections.
Boso's realm, usually called Kingdom of Provence comprised the church province Arles, Aix, Vienne, Lyon (without Langres), probably Besançon, as well as the dioceses Tarentaise, Uzès und Viviers.
After Louis and Carloman had divided their father's realm at Amiens in March 880, the two brothers marched against Boso, took Macon and the northern parts of Boso's realm. They united their forces with those of Charles the Fat and unsuccessfully besieged Vienne from August to November.
In August 882 Boso was again besieged at Vienne by his relative Richard, Count of Autun, who took the city in September.
After this, Boso could not regain most of his realm and was restricted to the vicinity of Vienne. He died in 887 and was succeeded by his son Louis.
Abducted by William VII of Poitou, installed her in the Maubergeonne tower of his castle, and, as related by William of Malmesbury, even painted a picture of her on his shield.
Later her daughter Eleanore married William's son, William VIII, their child was Eleanore of Aquitane.
Notes from her Findagrave memorial by Kat:
Dangereuse and Aimery were married for around seven years before she left her husband to become the mistress to Duke William IX; this became an infamous liaison.
Whilst travelling through Poitou, Duke William met the "seductive" Dangereuse. This led to her leaving her husband for Duke William IX of Aquitaine, who was excommunicated by the church for "abducting her"; however, she appeared to have been a willing party in the matter. He installed her in the Maubergeonne tower of his castle in Poitiers (leading to her nickname La Maubergeonne), and, as related by William of Malmesbury, even painted a picture of her on his shield.
Upon returning to Poitiers from Toulouse, his wife Philippa of Toulouse was enraged to discover a rival woman living in her palace. She appealed to her friends at court and to the Church; however, no noble could assist her since William was their feudal overlord, and whilst the Papal legate Giraud complained to William and told him to return Dangereuse to her husband, William's only response to the bald legate was, "Curls will grow on your pate before I part with the Viscountess." Humiliated, Philippa chose in 1116 to retire to the Abbey of Fontevrault, where she was befriended, ironically, by Ermengarde of Anjou, William's first wife.
Dangereuse and William had three children:
Henri (died after 1132), a monk and later Prior of Cluny
Adelaide, married Raoul de Faye
Sybille, Abbess of Saintes
Philippa died two years later and William's first wife Ermengarde set out to avenge Philippa. In October 1119, she suddenly appeared at the Council of Reims being held by Pope Calixtus II and demanded that the Pope excommunicate William (again), oust Dangereuse from the ducal palace, and restore herself to her rightful place as Duchess consort. The Pope "declined to accommodate her"; however, she continued to trouble William for several years afterwards.
William died on 10 February 1126; nothing is recorded of Dangereuse after this point. Dangereuse died in 1151.
The son and heir of Robert I, duke of Burgundy. He died shortly before his father and failed to succeed in Burgundy. The name of his wife is unknown (that it was Sibil has been discredited) as is her origin, although a connection to the Counts of Barcelona has been hypothesized. Their children were:
Hugh I, Duke of Burgundy (1057-1093)
Eudes I, Duke of Burgundy (1058-1103)
Robert, bishop of Langres (1059-1111)
Helie, a nun (b.1061)
Beatrice (b.1063), married Guy I, count of Vignory
Reginald, abbot of St Pierre (1065-1092)
Henry, Count of Portugal (1066-1112), who became a vassal of Castile and ruler of the county of Portugal in 1093; his son would be Alfonso Henriques, first king of Portugal
Borivoj I was Duke of Bohemia (852/853 - 888/889).
The head of the Premyslid Czechs who dominated the environs of Prague, Borivoj in c. 870 declared himself kníže (later translated by German scholars as 'Duke') of the Czechs (Bohemians). Borivoj was recognised as such by his overlord Svatopluk I of Great Moravia around 872 who dispatched Bishop Methodius to begin the conversion of the Czechs to Christianity. Borivoj and his wife Saint Ludmila were baptised by Methodius in 874 and the latter especially became an enthusiastic evangelist, although the religion failed to take root among Borivoj's subjects.
Around 883 Borivoj was deposed by a revolt in support of his kinsman Strojmir, and restored only with the support of Svatopluk of Moravia.
As with most of the early Bohemian rulers, Borivoj is a shadowy figure and exact dates and facts for his reign can never be considered as completely reliable, although several major fortifications and religious foundations are said to have dated from this time. In old Czech legends he is said to be son of a prince of Bohemians called Hostivít.
His wife: Saint Ludmila (ca. 860 - September 15, 921) is a saint and martyr venerated by the Orthodox and the Roman Catholics. She was born in Melník, the daughter of a Slavic prince. Saint Ludmila was the grandmother of Saint Wenceslaus, who is widely referred to as Good King Wenceslaus.
Ludmila was married to Borivoj I of Bohemia, who was the first Christian Duke of Bohemia. The couple was converted to Christianity around 873. Their efforts to convert Bohemia to Christianity was initially not well received, and they were driven from their country for a time by the pagans. Eventually the couple returned, and ruled for several years before retiring to Tetín, near Beroun.
The couple was succeeded by their son Spytihnev, who ruled for two years before he died. Spitihnev was succeeded by his brother Vratislav. When Vratislav died in 916, his eight year old son Wenceslas became the next ruler of Bohemia. It was mainly Ludmila who raised her grandson.
Wenceslaus' mother Drahomíra became jealous of Ludmila's influence over Wenceslaus. She had two noblemen murder Ludmila at Tetín, and part of Ludmila's story says that she was strangled with her veil. Initially Saint Ludmila was buried at St. Michael's at Tetín. Sometime before the year 1100 her remains were removed to the church of St. George at Prague, Czech Republic.
Saint Ludmila is venerated as a patroness of Bohemia. Her feast day is celebrated on September 16. She is considered to be a patron saint of Bohemia, converts, Czech Republic, duchesses, problems with in-laws, and widows. She was canonized shortly after her death.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Ludmila"
Raymond of Burgundy (Spanish and Portuguese: Raimundo) was the fourth son of William I, Count of Burgundy and was Count of Amous. He came to the Iberian Peninsula for the first time during the period 1086-1087 with Eudes I, Duke of Burgundy. He came for the second time (1090) to marry Urraca of Castile, sole surviving legitimate heir of Alfonso VI of Castile, Emperor of León and Castile and Constance of Burgundy.
He came with his cousin Henry of Burgundy, who married the other daughter of Alfonso VI, Teresa of León (or Portugal). By his marriage Raymond received the County of Galiza, the County of Portugal and the County of Coimbra. The last two were later offered to Henry of Burgundy, father of the first Portuguese King Afonso I Henriques of Portugal.
Raymond Borrel (in Catalan, Ramon Borrell and Spanish, Ramón Borrell) (972-1017) , was count of Barcelona, Girona, and Ausona from 992. Son of Borrell II of Barcelona and Letgarda de Rouergue. He was associated with his father from 988.
In 993 he married Ermesinde de Carcassonne with whom he had one son: Berengar Raymond (c.1006).
Between the years 1000 and 1002, he was the object of many incursions by Al-Mansur. In 1003, he directed an expedition to Lleida which prompted a new raid by Al-Mansur's son, Abd al-Malik.
In 1010, taking the opportunity to enhance his power at the expense of the crumbling Cordoban caliphate, he organised a campaign against Córdoba together with Armengol I of Urgell, Bernard of Besalú, and Wahid, a Moslem general of Muhammad al-Mahdi. The army destroyed the Caliph Suleiman II and wrested Catalonia from any Moorish dominion. Armengol died in battle on September 1 at Córdoba. In 1015 and 1016, he made new expeditions to the Ebro and Segre. By the booty obtained in these campaigns, he maintained the loyalty of his barons.
In the political arena, he repopulated the Segarra, the Conca de Barberà and the Camp de Tarragona and began the construction of the cathedral in Barcelona.
Notably, he was the first Catalan ruler to mint his own coinage. At his death in 1017, he was succeeded by his son Berengar Raymond under the regency of his mother.
Borrel II (died 992), count of Barcelona, Gerona, and Ausona from 947 and count of Urgel from 948, under whose mandate the Hispanic March sufferred a terrible attack from the Caliph Almanzor. He was the son of Sunifred II. During his reign, he employed the title dux Gothiæ, or "Duke of Gothia."
In 947, he retired his father to a monastery and took over the government of his counties: Barcelona, Gerona, and Ausona. He associated his brother Miro I with him in these counties until 966. In 948, he inherited Urgel. He married Letgarda, daughter of Raymond III of Toulouse, with whom he had two sons and two daughters: Ramon Borrell, Ermengol, Ermengarda,a nd Richilda. After her death, he married Eimeruda of Auvergne.
Contrary to his father, he was a diplomat, not a warrior. He maintained cordial relations with his most powerful neighbours: the Franks to the north and the Moors to the south. He exchanged many embassies with the Caliphate of Córdoba and confirmed a peace treaty with Al-Hakam II. He likewise maintained good relations with the papacy. In 969 and 970, he travelled to Rome to meet Pope John XIII and the Emperor Otto I in order to reorganise the ecclesiastical structure of Catalonia, even resurrecting the archdiocese of Tarragona. The pope persuaded Otto to employ Gerbert as a tutor for his young son, the future emperor Otto II.
Borrell was also a patron of learning and culture. In 967, Borrell visited the monastery of Aurillac and the abbot asked the count to take Gerbert of Aurillac with him so that the lad could study mathematics in Spain. In the following years, Gerbert studied in the Christian-held city of Barcelona and possibly in the Islamic cities of Córdoba and Seville.
Despite all this, his territory suffered one of its gravest attacks in years under his tenure. Almanzor, in 985, razed Barcelona itself. Barcelona was sacked and many denizens made prisoner. The petitions sent by the count to Lothair, King of France at the time, at Verdun were ignored. As a consequence of this, when Hugh Capet ascended the French throne, Borrell refused to pledge his fealty in 988 and the bond of vassalage between the March and France was broken. De facto independence had begun in earnest.
In 988, Borrell divided his lands between his sons, giving Ramon Borrell his original inheritance (from 947) and Ermengol Urgel. In 992, he gave them the government and then died.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrell_II_of_Barcelona
Eustace I, count of Boulogne, was a son of Count Baldwin II and Adeline of Holland. He held the county from 1046 until his death in 1049. He was married with Maud of Leuven, daughter of Lambert I of Leuven and had two children: Eustace II of Boulogne, Lambert II, Count of Lens.
Wilfred II or Borrel I (Guifré II Borrell I in Catalan) was count of Barcelona, Gerona, and Ausona from 897 to 911, after his father, Wilfred the Hairy. His mother was Guinedilda.
At his father's death, the patrimony were divided between his sons Wilfred, Sunifred, and Miró. Upon Wilfred's death in 911, his counties passed to Sunyer, his younger brother who was a minor at their father's death.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfred_II_Borrel
Bohun, or rathcr Bohon, the place whence the family derived its name, is situated in the arrondissement of St. Lo, in the Cotentin, where are still the communes of St. Andre and St. George de Bohon. The mound of the castle was visible some thirty years ago, and may be still. The honour of Bohon was in possession of this Humphrey at the time of the Norman invasion, and his later gift of the Church of St. George de Bohon as a cell to the Abbey of Marmoutier, is confirmed by William, King of the English, "his Queen Mathildis, his sons Robert and William, his half-brother Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, Michael, Bishop of Avranches, Roger de Montgomeri, and Richard, son of Turstain," husband of Emma de Conteville, which certainly supports the belief that he was closely connected with the Conqueror, probably by one of his wives, respecting whose parentage we are left so provokingly in the dark.
He died before 1113, having had issue three sons and two daughters, but by which wife or wives we are unhappily in ignorance. How important, genealogically, to the descent it is scarcely necessary to observe.
One of the daughters appears to me to have been named Adela; at least I find an Adela, aunt of Humphrey de Bohun, in the Fine Roll for Wiltshire, 31st of Henry I, and it could not have been on the mother's side, or she would have been a daughter of Edward of Salisbury, that mysterious personage, one of whose daughters, named Maud or Mabel, was wife of Humphrey II, the youngest of the three sons of "old Humphrey," and the founder of the fortunes of the family.
The eldest son, Robert, died, in his father's lifetime apparently, unmarried; and from Richard, the second son, descended in the female line the Bohuns of Midhurst, in Sussex; but the grandeur of the Bohuns was due to the extraordinary succession of great matches made by the descendants of the youngest sons, who became Earls of Hereford, Essex, and Northampton, the co-heiresses of the eleventh and last Humphrey de Bohun being the wives, one of Thomas of Woodstock, Earl of Gloucester, and son of King Edward III, and the other of Henry, surnamed Bolingbroke, son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, and subsequently ascending the throne of England as King Henry IV.http://genealogy.patp.us/conq/bohun.shtml
From Wikipedia: Henry was also Humphrey of the Beard. Married thrice, possibly ancestor of William the Conqueror. His donation of a plow and garden to the nuns of Abbaye Saint Armand at Rouen was witnessed by Count William when he was still the Duke of Normandy. He earned the nickname of "With a beard" as the custom in Normandy during his era was to be clean shaven. After William's conquest of England, Humphrey was awarded an honor at Tatterford in Norfolk, and he donated the church of St Georges de Bohun to the Abbey of Marmoutier.
His oldest son, Robert, died before him, his second son, Richard, was the founder of the Bohuns of Midhurst line in Sussex. His third son, Humphrey, was called Humphrey the first as well, causing the numbering confusion over the years. This son married aristocracy: Matilda, the daughter of Edward of Salisbury, and founded the family that would become rich and powerful.